Saturday, September 5, 2015

On the road with the refugees: 'Finally I'm getting out of Hungary'



on the Hungarian-Austrian border

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The view Marwan had through the bus window was mainly of drizzle. His “seat” was just a few inches of the step next to the bus door. He had walked for much of Friday in the rain and hadn’t slept all night. 
Yet when dawn broke on Saturday he had significant cause to be cheerful. “I’m happy,” smiled the 19-year-old Syrian electrical engineering student. “Finally I’m getting out of Hungary.”
Marwan was not the only one. After months of arresting refugees as they tried to cross the country, and days of blocking them from boarding trains to northern Europe, the Hungarian government finally agreed late on Friday night to take thousands of them in a convoy to the Austrian border.
The first arrived at about 3am, but by 9am there were still dozens of co-opted blue commuter buses snaking their way through western Hungary, some still 60km from Austria.
The Hungarians were shamed into action after about 1,000 people, frustrated at being banned from the trains, suddenly began marching on Friday from Budapest towards Austria.
It was dubbed the “march of hope”. But it ended in a more forlorn fashion, with a large crowd of refugees camped near a motorway in heavy rain. A group of stragglers – including babies in buggies and a man on crutches – were stranded 10km further back.
“Some of them were vomiting,” said Gabor, a 39-year-old Hungarian engineer, who tied a blanket between a tree and his car to shelter the refugees. “They are women and children – I’m amazed they got this far.”
Embarrassed by the squalid scenes, or frustrated at the effect it had on traffic, officials finally caved in and sent municipal buses to take the sodden walkers the rest of the way to the border.
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But at the stragglers’ makeshift camp, the buses did not arrive until 4.45am, leaving its members shivering in the drizzle and darkness for more than six hours. Some of them in only shorts and T-shirts.
“I just don’t understand,” said Marwan, who is travelling with an Iraqi called Ahmad, who fled Isis-held Mosul last month. “We come from a country that has been torn apart by war. We’re not criminals and we don’t want to sabotage anything.”
Despite the presence of volunteers, a less friendly sort of Hungarian regularly drives past. “I hope you die,” comes a familiar refrain from a passing car. “And your mother too.”
Just as the 100 shivering in the lay-by began to lose hope, a trio of coaches creaked to a halt. Earlier, some had said they wouldn’t get on board, suspicious of a Hungarian administration that earlier this week took refugees to camps despite promising to take them to the border. “Who’s organising it, the Hungarians?” asked Ali, another Syrian, earlier in the night. “Forget it, I’m walking.”
But several hours later, almost everyone was too sodden and too tired to care. They squeezed into every available space in the buses, standing in the aisles, sitting on the steps, and crushed against the doors. Within minutes a silence hung over the coach as most of the passengers fell asleep.
For the Afghans, this would be their eighth border crossing since leaving home; for the Syrians, their sixth. They were already shattered. But the tipping point has been Hungary, where they were neither welcomed, nor wanted to settle, yet where they were inexplicably forced to spend most of the time dealing with police and bureaucracy.
When dawn breaks, the mood brightens slightly. In the daylight, people can see the land they’re passing, and Austria seems a tangible possibility.
At every toilet break, the passengers disembark to see that their bus is just one part of a blue line of coaches that stretches into the distance. After days of limbo in camps and train stations in Hungary, this is visible proof that their departure is now an inevitability.
Even a temporary engine failure does not dampen their spirits. They use the time to take selfies outside the bus. Ahmad, who earlier was grumbling about the Hungarian police, now only has thoughts for the future. “The only thing that matters,” he says, is “that I’m going to Austria”.

The Doctrine of ‘Superior People’: The Bond between Israel and World Zionism

By James Petras

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Introduction: The single greatest feat of Israel and its overseas missions has not been material success, or the military conquest of millions of unarmed Palestinians, it has been ideological – the widespread acceptance in the US of a doctrine that claims ‘Jews are a superior people’.



Apart from small extremist rightwing sects who exhibit visceral anti-Semitism and denigrate everything Jewish, there are very few academics and politicians willing to question this supremacist doctrine. On the contrary, there is an incurable tendency to advance oneself by accepting and embellishing on it.
For example, in August 2015, US Vice-President Joseph Biden attributed ‘special genius’ to Jews, slavish flattery that embarrassed even New York’s liberal Jewish intellectuals.
Israel’s dominant role in formulating US Middle East policy is largely a product of its success at recruiting, socializing and motivating overseas Jews to act as an organized force to intervene in US politics and push Israel’s agenda.
What motivates American Jews, who have been raised and educated in the US to serve Israel? After all, these are individuals who have prospered, achieved high status and occupy the highest positions of prestige and responsibility. Why would they parrot the policies of Israel and follow the dictates of Israeli leaders (a foreign regime), serving its violent colonial, racist agenda?
What binds a majority of highly educated and privileged Jews to the most rabidly rightwing Israeli regime in history – a relationship they actually celebrate?
What turns comfortable, prosperous American Jews into vindictive bullies, willing and able to blackmail, threaten and punish any dissident voices among their Gentile and Jewish compatriots who have dared to criticize Israel?
What prevents many intelligent, liberal and progressive Jews from openly questioning Israel’s agenda, and especially confronting the role of Zionist zealots who serve as Tel Aviv’s fifth column against the interest of the United States?
There are numerous historical and personal factors that can and should be taken into account to understand this phenomenon.
In this essay I am going to focus on one – the ideology that ‘Jews are a superior people’. The notion that Jews, either through some genetic, biologic, cultural, historical, familial and/or upbringing, have special qualities allowing them to achieve at a uniquely higher level than the ‘inferior’ non-Jews.
We will proceed by sketching the main outline of the Jewish supremacist ideology and then advance our critique.
We will conclude by evaluating the negative consequences of this ideology and propose a democratic alternative.
Jewish Supremacism
Exponents of Jewish Supremacism (JS) frequently cite the prestigious awards, worldly successes and high honors, which, they emphasize, have been disproportionately achieved by Jews.
The argument goes: While Jews represent less than 0.2% of the world population, they have produced 24% of the US Nobel prize winners; over 30% of Ivy League professors and students; and the majority of major US film, stage and TV producers.
They cite the ‘disproportionate number’ of scientists, leading doctors, lawyers and billionaires.
They cite past geniuses like, Einstein, Freud and Marx .
They point to the founders of the world’s great monotheistic religions – Moses and Abraham.
They lay claim to a unique learning tradition embedded in centuries of Talmudic scholarship.
Jewish supremacists never miss a chance to cite the ‘Jewish background’ of any highly accomplished contemporary public figures in the entertainment, publication, financial fields or any other sectors of life in the US.
Disproportionately great accomplishments by a disproportionate minority has become the mantra for heralding a self-styled ‘meritocratic elite’…. and for justifying its disproportionate wealth, power and privileges – and influence…
Challenging the Myths of Jewish Supremacists
There are serious problems regarding the claims of the Jewish Supremacists.
For centuries Jewish ‘wisdom’ was confined to textual exegesis of religious dogma - texts full of superstition and social control, as well as blind intolerance, and which produced neither reasoned arguments nor contributed to scientific and human advancement.
Jewish scholarship of note occurred among thinkers like Spinoza who revolted against the Jewish ghetto gatekeepers and rejected Jewish dogma.
Notable scientists emerged in the context of working and studying with non-Jews in non-Jewish institutions – the universities and centers of learning in the West. The majority of world-renowned Jewish scholars integrated and contributed to predominantly non-Jewish (Moslem and Christian) and secular institutions of higher learning.
Historically, highly talented individuals of Jewish origin succeeded by renouncing the constraints of everyday Jewish life, rabbinical overseers and Jewish institutions. Most contemporary prestigious scientists, including the frequently cited Nobel Prize winners, have little or nothing to do with Judaism! And their contributions have everything to do with the highly secular, integrated culture in which they prospered intellectually – despite expressions of crude anti-Semitism in the larger society.
Secondly , Jewish Supremacists persist in claiming ‘racial credit’ for the achievements of individuals who have publically renounced, denounced and distanced themselves from Judaism and have dismissed any notion of Israel as their spiritual homeland. Their universal prestige has prevented them from being labeled, apostate or ‘self-hating’. Albert Einstein, often cited by the Supremacists as the supreme example of ‘Jewish genius’, denounced Israel’s war crimes and showed disdain for any tribal identity. In their era, Marx and Trotsky, like the vast majority of emancipated European Jews, given the chance, became engaged in universalistic organizations, attacking the entire notion that Jews were a ‘special people’ chosen by divine authority (or by the latter-day Zionists).
Thirdly, Supremacists compile a very selective list of virtuous Jews, while omitting areas of life and activity where Jews have disproportionately played a negative and destructive role.
After all is it Jewish ‘genius’ that makes Israel a leading exporter of arms, high tech intrusive spy systems and sends military and paramilitary advisers and torturers to work with death squad regimes in Africa and Latin America?
Among the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize are three Israeli Prime Ministers who waged wars of ethnic cleansing against millions of Palestinians and expanded racist ‘Jews only’ settlements throughout the occupied Palestinian territories. These include Menachem Begin (notorious career bomber and terrorist), Yitzhak Rabin (a militarist who was assassinated by an even more racist Jewish terrorist) and Shimon Peres. Among Jewish American Nobel ‘Peaceniks’ is Henry Kissinger who oversaw the brutal and illegal US war in Indo-China causing 4 million Vietnamese deaths;who wrote the ‘template for regime change’ by overthrowing the democratically elected government of Chilean President Allende and condemned Chile to decades of police state terror; and who supported Indonesia’s destruction of East Timor!
In other words, these Nobel recipients, who Supremacists cite as ‘examples of Jewish Supremacy’, have sown terror and injustice on countless captive peoples and nations – giving the Nobel Peace Prize a dubious distinction.
Among the greatest billion dollar swindlers in recent US history, we d find a disproportionate percentage of American Jews – curiously not mentioned by the Supremacists in their usual litany: Bernard Madoff pillaged over $50 billion from his clients, Ivan Boesky, Michael Milken and Marc Rich are well-known names adding the distinction of ‘Jewish genius’ to a list of financial mega-felons.
Among the less respectable notables whose material successes have been tarnished by personal weaknesses – we have the billionaire and pedophile pimp, Jeffry Epstein; IMF President, rapist and debaucher Dominic Strauss Kahn, entrepreneur and ‘nudist’ Dov Charney, New York Governor and ‘repeat customer’ Elliot Spitzer, Congressman and exhibitionist Anthony Weiner and the fun-loving sports impresario who brought down FIFA, the piratical Chuck Blazer. Curiously, none of these extraordinarily successful notables have been cited as examples of Jewish Supremacy.
As we contemplate the millions of war refugees driven from the Near East and North Africa, we should credit the role of US neo-liberal and neo-conservative ideologues and policymakers –a disproportionate percentage of whom are Jews. Millions of Chilean workers suffered as Milton Friedman and his Chicago Boys ‘advised’ Chilean Dictator Augusto Pinochet on dismantling the welfare state (even if it required the murder of trade unionists!). Ayn Rand (Alyssa Rosenbaum) and her fanatical free market epigones have savaged all progressive social legislation and turned the most retrograde forms of selfishness into a religion of ‘superiority’!
The disastrous US war against Iraq was largely organized, promoted and justified by a disproportionate percentage of US Jews (Zionists), including leading policymakers in the Bush and Obama administration – Paul Wolfowitz, Douglas Feith, Elliott Abrams, Dennis Ross, Martin Indyk, David Frum, Shulsky, Levey, Cohen, Rahm Emanuel etc… They continue to push for war against Iran and should be seen as the ‘godfathers’ of the tragedies of Iraq, Syria and Libya where millions have fled.
The biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression was largely due to the financial policies of Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan. The trillion-dollar bailout of Wall Street by Ben Shalom Bernacke and Stanley Fischer, while Janet Yellen ignored the plight of millions of Americans who lost their homes because of mortgage foreclosures. In sum, Jewish Supremacists should proudly take credit for the American Jews who have been disproportionately responsible for the largest economic and foreign policy failures of the contemporary period – including the horrific suffering these have entailed!
Back in the more normal world of crime, Russian-Jewish mobsters dominate or share supremacy with the Italian Mafia in New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Miami and scores of cities in between. They display their unique genius at extortion and murder – knowing they can always find safe haven in the ‘Promised Land’!
On the cultural front, the finest Jewish writers, artists, musicians, scientists have emerged outside of Israel. A few may have immigrated to the Jewish state, but many other intellectuals and artists of note have chosen to leave Israel, repelled by the racist, intolerant and repressive apartheid state and society promoted by Jewish Supremacists.

Conclusion

The record provides no historical basis for the claims of Jewish Supremacists:
What has been cited as the disproportionate ‘Jewish genius’ turns out to be a two-edged sword - demonstrating the best and the worst.
Claiming a monopoly on high academic achievement must be expanded to owning up to the Jewish authors of the worst financial and foreign policy disasters – they too are ‘high achievers’.
Donations from financial billionaires, all ‘geniuses’, have financed the war crimes of the Israeli state and made possible the expansion of violent Jewish settlers throughout occupied Palestine – spreading misery and displacement for millions.
In fairness, the most notorious Jewish swindler in contemporary America was even-handed: ‘Bernie’ Madoff swindled Jews and Goys, Hollywood moguls and New York philanthropists – he wasn’t picky about who he fleeced.
The latest fashion among Jewish Supremacist ‘geneticists’ is to extoll the discovery of uniquely special ‘genes’ predisposing Jews to experience the ‘holocaust’ and even inherit the experience of suffering from long dead ancestors. Such ‘scientists’ should be careful. As Jazz artist and essayist, Gilad Altzmon wryly notes, ‘They will put the anti-Semites out of business’.
Ultimately, Jews, who have assimilated into the greater society or not, who inter-marry and who do not, are all products of the social system in which they live and (like everyone else) they are the makers of the roles they decide to play within it.
In the past, a uniquely disproportional percentage of Jews chose to fight for universal humanist values – rejecting the notion of a chosen people.
Today a disproportionate percentage of educated Jews have chosen to embrace an ‘ethno-religious’ Supremacist dogma, which binds them to an apartheid, militarist state and ideology ready to drag the world into a global war.
Never forget! Racialist supremacist doctrines led Germany down the blind ally of totalitarianism and world war, in which scores of millions perished.
Jews, especially young Jews, are increasingly repelled by Israel’s crimes against humanity. The next step for them (and for us) is to criticize, demystify and stand up to the toxic supremacist ideology linking the powerful domestic Zionist power configuration and its political clones with Israel.
The root problem is not genetic, it is collective political dementia: a demented ideology that claims a chosen elite can forever dominate and exploit the majority of American people. The time will come when the accumulated disasters will force the Americans people to push back, unmasking the elite and rejecting its supremacist doctrines. Let us hope that they will act with passion guided by reason.

In Escape from Brutality, Refugees March on Foot Towards Austria

March for freedom comes after Hungarian authorities spent days preventing thousands of refugees, many fleeing war in Syria, from boarding trains to Germany

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Hundreds of refugees frustrated at being stuck at two train stations in Hungary set off on foot for Austria on Friday. (Photo: Frank Augstein/Associated Press)
No longer willing to wait for passage by train or official approval in Hungary, thousands of refugees from the Middle East and Africa—but mostly those fleeing war in Syria—undertook a dramatic 150-mile march from Budapest towards the Austrian border on Friday as they sought safety and relief from a treacherous journey that has now captured the attention of the world.
As the Associated Press reports:
The moves for freedom came after Hungarian authorities spent days preventing thousands of refugees, many fleeing war in Syria, from boarding trains to Germany amid a surging number of desperate people from Asia, Africa and the Middle East seeking refuge in Europe.
Most hope to eventually reach Germany or elsewhere in the West and are trying to avoid registering in Hungary, which is economically depressed and more likely to return them to their home countries than many Western European nations. Under European law, asylum seekers will be approved or disapproved in the countries where they are first registered.
refugees-walk-2-epa.jpgMigrants walk on the railway tracks between Bicske and Szar, some 40 km west of Budapest, Hungary, 04 September 2015. (Photo: EPA)
According to the UK Independent:
Frustrated by the lack of action, [the people] set off for Austria on foot, aiming to reach Germany. Amira’s time in Hungary has shaken her belief in Europeans. "We don’t trust them: they will take us to the camps and beat us," she says. "I hope that when the train comes it will take us away from here; that is all that I want."
Amira crossed four borders to get to Budapest during a harrowing journey that is becoming a rite of passage for thousands seeking a better life in Europe.
Some 200,000 people have crossed the sea between Turkey and Greece, paying hundreds of pounds to smugglers for a space on overcrowded dinghies. “It’s the worst thing I have ever done in my life,” says Mountaha, 23, who fled from Idlib in Syria. She and her husband, Anas, 24, a computer engineer, initially fled to Turkey. But after six months there they decided they wanted a better future for their son Mohamed, who is two months old.
refugees-walk-4-ap.jpgMost refugees have come to Hungary through the southern border with Serbia. (Photo: AP)
The World Post adds:
Photographs of the march show children in strollers, elderly people in wheelchairs and people on crutches making the journey. The crowd broke through barricades that Hungarian authorities had set up outside Budapest, and chanted, "Germany, Germany," Reuters reports.  
Also on Friday, Hungary closed one of its southern border crossings with neighboring Serbia after hundreds of people escaped from a nearby refugee camp. In the western Hungarian town of Bicske, hundreds of migrants refused to disembark from a train and transfer to a refugee camp.  A Pakistani man reportedly died after falling on train tracks while escaping the Bicske train station.
In a surprise late announcement, according to AP,  the Hungarian government announced it would offer buses to transport hundreds of migrants remaining in Budapest to the border with Austria.
In the United States, where criticism has focused on the inadequate response of the world's most "exceptional" nation, Democratic presidential candidate Martin O'Malley on Fridaymade a gesture of goodwill by declaring his support for a massive increase of refugees from Syria.
"I support the call from humanitarian and refugee organizations for the United States to accept at least 65,000 Syrian refugees next year," he said in a statement Friday. "If Germany —a country with one-fourth our population—can accept 800,000 refugees this year, certainly we—the nation of immigrants and refugees—can do more."
Having covered the developments of the refugee crisis in Europe throughout the day, theGuardian offered this latest rundown of developments as part of its comprehensive coverage:

Stop the drownings

PLEASE SIGN THIS AVAAZ PETITION

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"

To the EU leaders and all Heads of State and Government worldwide:

We, citizens from around the world, call on you to lead the world to a humane 21st century global refugee policy that saves lives and protects the people fleeing war and hunger. We urge you to significantly increase the number of refugees to be hosted in your country, and work with the European Union to ensure refugees are resettled and relocated across Europe in a way that shares responsibility across the EU and reunites families, and give financial and technical support to countries on the frontline of the crisis like Greece and Italy, and oppose any military action that hinders rescue efforts or puts those seeking sanctuary at risk."

 
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817,226 have signed. Let's get to 1,000,000
This image of a tiny baby lying lifeless on the shore is, like so many, too heartbreaking to watch. What’s really appalling is that instead of being shocked to take urgent action, our leaders are stuck in a fighting match on whose problem this is. But for the first time ever, there’s a glimmer of hope for a solution.

After massive public calls to welcome refugees, German Chancellor Merkel is leading efforts to deliver a new, strong European Union plan that would give refuge to people fleeing war and hunger. France is on board, but shamefully the UK, Hungary, and other Eastern European countries have been blocking this emergency action. Whether EU politicians lead the world to a humane 21st century refugee plan, or turn their backs, depends on how much they feel the public demands it. That’s where we come in.

Right now we are at a tipping point. It’s time for us to lead our leaders. EU Ministers are meeting in the next few days to set their positions, so there’s no time to lose. Join the call for a plan to give these terrified families safe haven now -- Avaaz will deliver our proposal to all key decision makers before their summit.

The Arab Spring ‘seed’ refuses to die

Khalil Al-Anani 

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The popular protests against government corruption and failure in Lebanon and Iraq brought back memories of the Arab Spring that emerged four years ago. They remind us of when the popular uprisings demanded change — even insisted upon it — and sacrificed everything to get it. The uprisings suggested that there is “something” in many Arab youths which refuses to surrender despite all of the counter-revolutionary efforts being made (locally and regionally) to distort the idea that popular movements and protests are a spontaneous tool for the rejection of the status quo.
In addition, the current protests in Lebanon and Iraq highlight, once again, economic and social issues as the main driving force for the popular rejection, while providing the possibility of overcoming political and ideological factionalism for the sake of a common goal. This is the same concept that was behind the Arab Spring, starting a wave of economic-social protests with the aim of achieving equality and justice, which soon developed into a political issue, calling for freedom, dignity and democracy.
The latest protests, regardless of whether they are successful in achieving their goals, confirm beyond a shadow of a doubt that the “seed” of the Arab Spring that was planted four years ago is still alive and refuses to die. It also confirms that all of the deception of the counter-revolution and its various arms and agencies have not succeeded in killing and burying the demand for change. It is astonishing that most of these protests, just like the ones four years ago, do not have a specific “head” and do not follow a specific leader; they are spontaneous and began in the streets. Large groups of people interacted and responded in the belief that demonstrations and protests are the only way to demand change.
In his book Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East, Asef Bayat writes about his belief that “ordinary people in the street” are the secret to changing the situation in the region. This reflects his loss of confidence in the political elites and his effort to bypass them in his search for the solutions to his problems, either by changing them or changing the social, economic and political structures that produce them. One of the most important issues that he points out in his book, which seems to be very clear from the current protests, is the matter of “non-social movements”, which have become a distinctive characteristic within the social movement over the past few years. These “non-movements” have become an effective player with an impact on the “demand for change” scene in the region. They gather suddenly, without any warning, and make specific demands that may develop towards a comprehensive agenda, depending on the development of the situation in each case. These “non-movements”, which usually surprise the elites and politicians with their emergence, are often a microcosm of the revolutions and uprisings as they carry pure demands that are related to the people and their daily situation. Perhaps what distinguishes these “non-movements” is that they contain large groups of people who are marginalised politically, economically and socially, such as the poor, women, students, workers and so on.
What is occurring in Lebanon and Iraq thus seems interesting. On the one hand, it is surprising for there to be protests and demonstrations about economic and social issues in two countries known for their sectarian divisions and disputes. Perhaps this was an important factor that drove various groups to try to overcome these divisions and call for general demands with a common agenda.
On the other hand, most of these protests are still relatively peaceful. This may be what attracts people to them for now, and why they have influence. This calls for some consideration, especially since we are talking about two countries in which it would not be difficult to resort to violence and arms in an effort to resolve a political dispute. This has still not been the case amongst the new protestors, especially in Lebanon. Furthermore, the protests in Lebanon and Iraq are occurring at a time when many believed that the idea of protests and demonstrations had lost their appeal following the destruction, oppression and violence across the region. This confirms the mistake of those who rely on intimidating and scaring the Arab public and pushing them back into submission and obedience.
Hence, we are facing a driving, popular force that does not give weight to results and consequences as much as it does to trying to restore confidence in itself and its ability to influence, mobilise and exert political and social pressure. Regardless of what the current protests will result in, they have confirmed that the “seeds” of the Arab Spring that were scattered four years ago are still implanted deep within the younger Arab generation, which will yield change sooner or later.
Translated from Al-Araby Al-Jadid, 1 September, 2015

Friday, September 4, 2015

حديث الثورة- لاجئو سوريا.. أزمة أم تداعيات أزمة



SUPER!

ما وراء الخبر- واشنطن والرياض.. هل تردم هوة الخلافات؟

DNA- عون بالشارع- 04/09/2015

Greece: Refugees attacked and in ‘hellish conditions' on Kos

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Today’s visit by European Commission leaders to the Greek island of Kos must result in immediate action to end the prolonged suffering of thousands of refugees, including many children, staying in inhumane conditions, Amnesty International said following a research mission on the island this week.
The organization witnessed a violent attack on refugees last night and has documented the overall dire conditions refugees face on the island. Researchers found children as young as a week old among the crowds forced to wait for days in baking heat to be registered by the local authorities, and interviewed unaccompanied minors being detained in deplorable conditions alongside adults.

The refugees we met on Kos have fled war and persecution in countries including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. They include children, some with their families but others travelling alone. The hellish conditions the refugees are now forced to endure and the official indifference to their plight are appalling.
Kondylia Gogou, Greece Researcher at Amnesty International, who just returned from Kos


“The refugees we met on Kos have fled war and persecution in countries including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. They include children, some with their families but others travelling alone. The hellish conditions the refugees are now forced to endure and the official indifference to their plight are appalling,” said Kondylia Gogou, Greece Researcher at Amnesty International, who just returned from Kos.

Attacked by thugs

Overnight last night Amnesty staff witnessed a group of 15-25 people brandishing bats physically attack refugees on Kos, while shouting "go back to your countries" and other slurs. They also threatened activists, including an Amnesty International staff member. An activist who was taking photographs had her camera removed and suffered minor injuries. Police did not stop them and riot police only intervened after the physical attacks had started and used teargas to disperse the crowd.
“Last night’s violent attack once again throws into sharp relief the danger to refugees and activists who help them. Action must be taken now at all levels to ensure they are protected,” said Kondylia Gogou.

Last night’s violent attack once again throws into sharp relief the danger to refugees and activists who help them. Action must be taken now at all levels to ensure they are protected.
Kondylia Gogou


Inhumane conditions on Kos

An estimated 3,000 to 4,000 refugees were staying on the island while Amnesty International visited. In the absence of any formal reception facilities, most are staying in squalid conditions as they wait to be documented before continuing their onward journey to the Greek mainland and beyond. The majority are believed to be from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. In all, more than 31,000 refugees have arrived on Kos so far this year with a surge since June 2015, according to Greek coastguard staff.
Most of the refugees cannot afford accommodation and are sleeping in tents, out in the open in appalling conditions or in the dilapidated Captain Elias hotel. While local residents and the humanitarian NGO Médecins Sans Frontières have been providing aid, municipal authorities have provided very little assistance and have even closed public toilets.
Police on Kos are currently using an old police station to document people before they leave the island. Amnesty International researchers visited the station on 2 September and saw around 100 refugees, including a one-week-old baby girl in her mother’s arms, sitting on the ground in a courtyard. No water was provided to those waiting to be documented. The only respite from the intense summer heat was an umbrella in the middle which provided shelter to few people.
Between 200 and 300 more people were waiting to go inside the police station – many said they waited for days on end. One man, a 28-year-old from Iraq, said he had been waiting for a week.
Information on rights and the identification of vulnerable groups is not provided by the authorities, but by UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) staff deployed on the island.
The situation has often been exacerbated by the reluctance of local authorities to set up a permanent reception centre with enough capacity and the lack of a coordinated and effective response.
In mid-August these failings came to a crunch when more than 2,000 people were locked in inhumane conditions in the local sports stadium. Reports emerged of police using excessive force against refugees waiting to be registered.

Children detained with adults

Amnesty International met four boys, three Pakistanis and one Syrian, all aged 16 or 17, who were being detained in a filthy police cell alongside adult criminal suspects.
Their detention conditions were deplorable – old and dirty mattresses, no blankets, broken lights and a strong stench emanating from a nearby toilet that was filthy and flooded.
“I travelled with another refugee family to Greece…When I showed my passport, the police detained me. My family has not heard about me since I was arrested,” said a 16-year-old Syrian boy who had arrived without family members.
The boy had no access to a lawyer or legal advice in the three days since his arrest.
“With tourist families enjoying summer holidays on Kos and local families gearing up to send their kids back to school, the contrast with the suffering of the refugee children could not be starker,” said Kondylia Gogou.
With tourist families enjoying summer holidays on Kos and local families gearing up to send their kids back to school, the contrast with the suffering of the refugee children could not be starker.
Kondylia Gogou

Recommendations

Amnesty International is urging:
  • Local authorities on Kos to cooperate with the central authorities to set up reception centres and shelter new arrivals in humane conditions until the necessary registration procedures are completed. They must immediately move any unaccompanied minors into appropriate shelter until all procedures are completed and they can be transferred to reception centres for unaccompanied children in mainland Greece;
  • The Greek government to swiftly implement the plans announced at a press conference on 3 September, including urgently deploying First Reception Centre staff on Kos (similar to those currently on Lesvos and Samos) to assist with the identification of vulnerable groups. It must also ensure that the authority responsible for the management of European Union (EU) funds such as AMIF (Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund) starts its operations as swiftly as possible;
  • The EU to support the Greek authorities with emergency financial support from the EU solidarity and emergency funds to manage the current crisis. Greece also needs logistical and operational support to meet the needs of those arriving on the islands. Even more importantly, EU member states need to relieve the pressure on Greece in the longer term by significantly reforming the EU’s asylum system and by providing more safe and legal routes into Europe for those who need protection. This includes significantly increasing resettlement places for the most vulnerable refugees as identified by UNHCR, more use of humanitarian visas and better options for family reunification.
“This is a crisis at all levels. Local authorities in Greece are unwilling to provide the necessary assistance, national authorities appear unable to, and European leaders are dithering in the face of an ever-mounting humanitarian crisis,” said Kondylia Gogou.
This is a crisis at all levels. Local authorities in Greece are unwilling to provide the necessary assistance, national authorities appear unable to, and European leaders are dithering in the face of an ever-mounting humanitarian crisis.
Kondylia Gogou

Background

The European Commission’s First Vice-President, Frans Timmermans, and Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship, Dimitris Avramopoulos, will visit Kos on 4 September to monitor the situation as local authorities have struggled to manage a surge in refugee arrivals over the summer.
On 3 September, Greek government ministers met in Athens to discuss the ongoing response to the refugee crisis on the Aegean islands. 
The ministers announced, among other measures, the creation of a coordination centre to manage refugee arrivals; deploying further staff and machinery for the swift documentation and identification of refugees; and that steps are under way to take immediate advantage of the available EU funds. They also called on the EU to provide the financial and logistical support needed.
Police officials told Amnesty International that without additional emergency funding from the EU, it would be immensely difficult to deploy staff and equipment on the Aegean islands and to set up documentation areas where refugees would be registered in humane conditions and improve detention conditions before the end of the year.
According to Greek government figures, 157,000 refugees arrived in Greece by sea during July and August. During the first eight months of 2015, more than 230,000 people arrived by sea. This is more than 13 times the 17,000 people who arrived during the same period in 2014. The vast majority are refugees.